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Internet Glossary
definitions of IT terms
A-B
C-D
E-H
I-M
N-P
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Access provider
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an organisation that provides access to the Internet. Also known as Internet Service Provider (ISP)
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Address
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The identification of a physical or virtual distinct entity in a network. On the Internet, this network address is called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). For instance: http://www.gsh.org. [It is important to type these accurately.]
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Anonymous ftp
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A publicly available Internet file site. Users must sign on as anonymous and enter their email address to connect to an anonymous ftp site.
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Apache
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An open source Web server package, mostly used on Linux and Solaris platforms.
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Applet
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A self-contained mini-executable program, such as one written in the Java programming language. It connects with or is designed to work with a larger 'partner' program.
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Application servers
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Software used to provide an interface between systems to enable Web services.
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Archie
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A program that locates files that are freely available on anonymous ftp sites across the Internet. To use Archie, telnet to one of these sites and login as archie. Type help to obtain full instructions.
archie.internic.net
archie.ans.net
archie.rutgers.edu
archie.sura.net
archie.unl.edu
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ASCII
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A standard for digital representation of letters, numbers, and control codes; understood by most computers.
This new Dictionary of the Internet offers definitions and explanations of nearly 4,000 terms associated with the technology and infrastructure of the Net; e-commerce; the culture of the Internet; and the jargon of the newsgroups. It is smack up to date, and comes with a searchable version on CD-ROM.
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ASP
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Active Server Pages - a scripting language created by Microsoft for dynamically created web pages and database functions. Web pages created with ASP usually have an .asp suffix.
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Attachment
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A binary file (such as a document, spreadsheet, or graphic) which is delivered as part of an email message. [NB - some mailing systems will not accept attachments.]
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AUP
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Acceptable Use Policy. A binding document signed by all users that explains the rules of Internet use at an institution.
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Auto responder
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An email message that is sent automatically in response to a message to another email address. Also known as Autobot or Infobot.
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Backbone
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The Central network infrastructure of the Internet is often referred to as the backbone and its allows data to travel from one network to another.
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Backup
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To make a second copy of a file as a safety measure. The copy may be held on a floppy disk, a zip disk, or on CD-ROM.
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Bandwidth
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A Term used to describe how much data you can send through a connection to the Net. The transmission capacity of a given medium, in terms of how much data the medium can transmit in a given amount of time. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the rate of data transmission. Information carrying capacity of a communication channel.
Electronic Writing offers an introduction to new writing techniques using computers and the Internet. It covers word-processing, desktop publishing, and how to create better-looking documents. Simple guidance notes provide an explanation of digital text, electronic mail, and an introduction to hypertext, including the basics of writing for the World Wide Web. Clear explanations in non-technical language.
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Baud rate
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The speed at which a modem can deal with information, measured in bits per second, 56Kbps is currently fastest.
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Binary
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Files which contain eight-bit bytes (as distinct from ASCII files which contain seven-bit bytes). Some systems can only accept ASCII.
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BIOS
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Basic Input-Output System. This is the small but fundamental program which starts up your computer and allows you to access your software programs.
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Bit
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An acronym for BInary digiT. It is the basic unit of information in the computer world. A bit is a digit in binary form and carries one of two
values, 0 or 1.
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Bitnet
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An autonomous network of academic and research sites.
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Bookmark
- A word or picture 'marked' so that you can jump to it by name from
within a list. Also used by browsers to mark frequently visited web sites.
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Boot
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To switch on a computer. If the machine is re-started whilst running, this is called 're-booting'.
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Browser
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Software that allows users to access and navigate the World Wide Web. Some Web browsers, such as Mosaic and Netscape, are graphical. Lynx is a text-based browser.
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BBS
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Bulletin Board Service. A forum for users to browse and exchange information. Computer BBSs are accessible by telephone via a personal computer and a modem. Many BBSs are small operations run by a single person that allow only several users to log on at the same time. Some are much larger and allow hundreds of users to login simultaneously to use the system. Huge, commercial examples are America Online, CompuServe, and Prodigy.
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Byte
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A single computer character, generally eight bits. For example, the letter 'G' in binary code is 01000111.
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